首先,目前在产品环境可用的mysql版本(指4.0.x和4.1.x)中,只有innodb引擎才允许使用外键,所以,我们的数据表必须使用innodb引
首先,目前在产品环境可用的mysql版本(指4.0.x和4.1.x)中,只有innodb引擎才允许使用外键,所以,我们的数据表必须使用innodb引擎。
下面,我们先创建以下测试用数据库表:
create table `roottb` (
`id` int(11) unsigned auto_increment not null,
`data` varchar(100) not null default '',
primary key (`id`)
) type=innodb;
create table `subtb` (
`id` int(11) unsigned auto_increment not null,
`rootid` int(11) unsigned not null default '0',
`data` varchar(100) not null default '',
primary key (`id`),
index (`rootid`),
foreign key (`rootid`) references roottb(`id`) on delete cascade
) type=innodb;
注意:
1、必须使用innodb引擎;
2、外键必须建立索引(index);
3、外键绑定关系这里使用了“ on delete cascade”,意思是如果外键对应数据被删除,将关联数据完全删除,更多信息请参考mysql手册中关于innodb的文档;
好,接着我们再来插入测试数据:
insert into `roottb` (`id`,`data`)
values ('1', 'test root line 1'),
('2', 'test root line 2'),
('3', 'test root line 3');
insert into `subtb` (`id`,`rootid`,`data`)
values ('1', '1', 'test sub line 1 for root 1'),
('2', '1', 'test sub line 2 for root 1'),
('3', '1', 'test sub line 3 for root 1'),
('4', '2', 'test sub line 1 for root 2'),
('5', '2', 'test sub line 2 for root 2'),
('6', '2', 'test sub line 3 for root 2'),
('7', '3', 'test sub line 1 for root 3'),
('8', '3', 'test sub line 2 for root 3'),
('9', '3', 'test sub line 3 for root 3');
我们先看一下当前数据表的状态:
mysql>; show tables;
+----------------+
| tables_in_test |
+----------------+
| roottb |
| subtb |
+----------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>; select * from `roottb`;
+----+------------------+
| id | data |
+----+------------------+
| 1 | test root line 1 |
| 2 | test root line 2 |
| 3 | test root line 3 |
+----+------------------+
3 rows in set (0.05 sec)
mysql>; select * from `subtb`;
+----+--------+----------------------------+
| id | rootid | data |
+----+--------+----------------------------+
| 1 | 1 | test sub line 1 for root 1 |
| 2 | 1 | test sub line 2 for root 1 |
| 3 | 1 | test sub line 3 for root 1 |
| 4 | 2 | test sub line 1 for root 2 |
| 5 | 2 | test sub line 2 for root 2 |
| 6 | 2 | test sub line 3 for root 2 |
| 7 | 3 | test sub line 1 for root 3 |
| 8 | 3 | test sub line 2 for root 3 |
| 9 | 3 | test sub line 3 for root 3 |
+----+--------+----------------------------+
9 rows in set (0.01 sec)
嗯,一切都正常,好,下面我们要试验我们的级联删除功能了。
我们将只删除roottb表中id为2的数据记录,看看subtb表中rootid为2的相关子纪录是否会自动删除:
mysql>; delete from `roottb` where `id`='2';
query ok, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)
mysql>; select * from `roottb`;
+----+------------------+
| id | data |
+----+------------------+
| 1 | test root line 1 |
| 3 | test root line 3 |
+----+------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>; select * from `subtb`;
+----+--------+----------------------------+
| id | rootid | data |
+----+--------+----------------------------+
| 1 | 1 | test sub line 1 for root 1 |
| 2 | 1 | test sub line 2 for root 1 |
| 3 | 1 | test sub line 3 for root 1 |
| 7 | 3 | test sub line 1 for root 3 |
| 8 | 3 | test sub line 2 for root 3 |
| 9 | 3 | test sub line 3 for root 3 |
+----+--------+----------------------------+
6 rows in set (0.01 sec)
嗯,看subtb表中对应数据确实自动删除了,,测试成功。
结论:在mysql中利用外键实现级联删除成功!