# run-parts01 * * * * root run-parts /etc/cron.hourly02 4 * * * root run-parts /etc/cron.daily22 4 * * 0 root run-parts
备份策略:
星期天 0 级
星期一,二,四,五,六 2 级
星期三 1 级
--创建本地管理路径
mkdir -p /dinglp/ora_managed/backup
mkdir -p /dinglp/ora_managed/backup
mkdir -p /dinglp/ora_managed/backup/export
mkdir -p /dinglp/ora_managed/backup/log
mkdir -p /dinglp/ora_managed/backup/rman_backup
mkdir -p /dinglp/ora_managed/scripts
--创建rman表空间和rman用户
create tablespace rman_tbs datafile '/oradata/luke/rman_tbs01.dbf' size 1024m;
create user rman_dlp identified by dlp default tablespace rman_tbs temporary tablespace temp;
grant connect,resource ,recovery_catalog_owner to rman;
--注册catalog 数据库
rman catalog rman_dlp/dlp
create catalog tablespace rman_tbs;
connect target sys/dg@priamry
register database;
report schema;
--设置备份参数
configure retention policy to redundancy 2;
configure retention policy to recovery window of 7 days;
--以下是备份脚本(可以通过vi进行编辑)
dlp-> touch exp_rman.par
dlp-> touch exp_rman.sh
dlp-> touch rman_bk_level0.rcv   (数据库0级备份)
dlp-> touch rman_bk_level0.sh
dlp-> touch rman_bk_level1.rcv (数据库1级备份)
dlp-> touch rman_bk_level1.sh
dlp-> touch rman_bk_level2.rcv   (数据库2级备份)
dlp-> touch rman_bk_level2.sh
--倒出rman用户数据脚本exp_rman.par
##################################################
###               exp_rman.par                 ###
##################################################
userid=rman_dlp/dlp
file=/dinglp/ora_managed/backup/export/rman.dmp
log=/dinglp/ora_managed/backup/log/rman.log
--倒出rman数据shell脚本exp_rman.sh
##################################################
###                 exp_rman.sh                ###
##################################################
#!/bin/bash
source /home/oracle/.bash_profile
cd /dinglp/ora_managed/scripts
exp parfile=exp_rman.par
--零级备份rman脚本rman_bk_level0.rcv
connect catalog rman_dlp/dlp
connect target sys/dg@primary
run {
allocate channel d1 type disk;
allocate channel d2 type disk;
backup incremental level 0 database format '/dinglp/ora_managed/backup/rman_backup/level0_%d_%s_%p_%u.bak'
tag='level 0' include current controlfile;
sql 'alter system archive log current';
backup archivelog all format '/dinglp/ora_managed/backup/rman_backup/log_%d_%s_%p_%u.bak' delete all input;
release channel d2;
release channel d1;
}
crosscheck backup;
delete noprompt expired backup;
delete noprompt obsolete;
resync catalog;
exit;
--零级备份shell脚本的rman_bk_level0.sh
#####################################################################
###                   rman_bk_level0.sh                           ###
#####################################################################
#!/bin/bash
source /home/oracle/.bash_profile
cd /dinglp/ora_managed/scripts
rman cmdfile=rman_bk_level0.rcv msglog=$home/backup/log/rman_bk_level0.log
./dinglp/ora_managed/script/exp_rman.sh
--一级差异增量备份rman脚本rman_bk_level1.rcv
connect catalog rman_dlp/dlp
connect target sys/dg@primary
run {
allocate channel d1 type disk;
backup incremental level 1 format '/dinglp/ora_managed/backup/rman_backup/level1_%d_%s_%p_%u.bak' tag = 'level 1' database;
sql 'alter system archive log current';
backup archivelog all format '/dinglp/ora_managed/backup/rman_backup/log_%d_%s_%p_%u.bak' delete all input;
release channel d1;
}
crosscheck backup;
delete noprompt expired backup;
delete noprompt obsolete;
resync catalog;
exit;
--一级差异增量备份shell脚本rman_bk_level1.sh
#####################################################################
###                   rman_bk_level1.sh                           ###
#####################################################################
#!/bin/bash
source /home/oracle/.bash_profile
cd /dinglp/ora_managed/scripts
rman cmdfile=rman_bk_level1.rcv msglog=/dinglp/ora_managed/backup/log/rman_bk_level1.log
. /dinglp/ora_managed/scripts/exp_rman.sh
--二级差异增量备份rman脚本rman_bk_level2.rcv
connect catalog rman_dlp/dlp
connect target sys/dg@primary
run {
allocate channel d1 type disk;
backup incremental level 2 format '/dinglp/ora_managed/backup/rman_backup/level2_%d_%s_%p_%u.bak' tag = 'level 2' database;
sql 'alter system archive log current';
backup archivelog all format '/dinglp/ora_managed/backup/rman_backup/log_%d_%s_%p_%u.bak' delete all input;
release channel d1;
}
crosscheck backup;
delete noprompt expired backup;
delete noprompt obsolete;
resync catalog;
exit;
--二级差异增量备份shell脚本rman_bk_level2.sh
#####################################################################
###                   rman_bk_level2.sh                           ###
#####################################################################
#!/bin/bash
source /home/oracle/.bash_profile
cd /dinglp/ora_managed/scripts
rman cmdfile=rman_bk_level2.rcv msglog=/dinglp/ora_managed/backup/log/rman_bk_level2.log
. /dinglp/ora_managed/scripts/exp_rman.sh
--提高rman增量备份性能
alter database enable block change tracking using file '/u01/app/oracle/admin/devdb/bdump/luke.log';
desc v$block_change_tracking;
--rman 动态视图
v$archived_log             显示在数据库中已经创建、备份或清除的归档文件。
v$backup_corruption    显示在备份集的备份过程中找到的损坏块。
v$copy_corruption    显示映像复制过程中找到的损坏块。
v$backup_datafile    用于通过确定各数据文件中的块数来创建大小相同的备份集。通过它也可以找出数据文件中已损坏的块数。    v$backup_redolog    显示在备份集中存储的归档日志。
v$backup_set     显示已经创建的备份集。
v$backup_piece    显示为备份集创建的备份片。
--如何监视复制进程
使用 set command id 命令可将服务器会话与通道联系起来。
查询 v$process 和 v$session，可以确定会话与哪些 rman 通道对应。
查询 v$session_longops，可以监视备份和复制的进度。
--linux下自动运行备份脚本
crontab格式简介
第1列分钟1～59
第2列小时1～23（0表示子夜）
第3列日1～31
第4列月1～12
第5列星期0～6（0表示星期天）
第6列要运行的命令
[root@dlp ~]# vi /etc/crontab
shell=/bin/bash
path=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
mailto=root
home=/
# run-parts
01 * * * * root run-parts /etc/cron.hourly
02 4 * * * root run-parts /etc/cron.daily
22 4 * * 0 root run-parts /etc/cron.weekly
42 4 1 * * root run-parts /etc/cron.monthly
00 22 * * 0 root /dinglp/ora_managed/scripts/rman_bk_level0.sh
00 22 * * 3 root /dinglp/ora_managed/scripts/rman_bk_level1.sh
00 22 * * 1,2,4,5,6 root /dinglp/ora_managed/scripts/rman_bk_level2.sh
--完毕，，ryohei，2010-08-04。