这篇文章主要介绍了关于php面向对象中的一些知识点,有着一定的参考价值,现在分享给大家,有需要的朋友可以参考一下
1. __construct:
内置构造函数,在对象被创建时自动调用。见如下代码:
<?php
class constructtest {
private $arg1;
private $arg2;
public function __construct($arg1, $arg2) {
$this->arg1 = $arg1;
$this->arg2 = $arg2;
print "__construct is called...\n";
}
public function printattributes() {
print '$arg1 = '.$this->arg1.' $arg2 = '.$this->arg2."\n";
}
}
$testobject = new constructtest("arg1","arg2");
$testobject->printattributes();
运行结果如下:
stephens-air:desktop$ php test.php
__construct is called...
$arg1 = arg1 $arg2 = arg2
2. parent:
用于在子类中直接调用父类中的方法,功能等同于java中的super。
<?php
class baseclass {
protected $arg1;
protected $arg2;
function __construct($arg1, $arg2) {
$this->arg1 = $arg1;
$this->arg2 = $arg2;
print "__construct is called...\n";
}
function getattributes() {
return '$arg1 = '.$this->arg1.' $arg2 = '.$this->arg2;
}
}
class subclass extends baseclass {
protected $arg3;
function __construct($basearg1, $basearg2, $subarg3) {
parent::__construct($basearg1, $basearg2);
$this->arg3 = $subarg3;
}
function getattributes() {
return parent::getattributes().' $arg3 = '.$this->arg3;
}
}
$testobject = new subclass("arg1","arg2","arg3");
print $testobject->getattributes()."\n";
运行结果如下:
stephens-air:desktop$ php test.php
__construct is called...
$arg1 = arg1 $arg2 = arg2 $arg3 = arg3
3. self:
在类内调用该类静态成员和静态方法的前缀修饰,对于非静态成员变量和函数则使用this。
<?php
class staticexample {
static public $arg1 = "hello, this is static field.\n";
static public function sayhello() {
print self::$arg1;
}
}
print staticexample::$arg1;
staticexample::sayhello();
运行结果如下:
stephens-air:desktop$ php test.php
hello, this is static field.
hello, this is static field.
4. static:
这里介绍的static关键字主要用于php 5.3以上版本新增的延迟静态绑定功能。请看一下代码和关键性注释。
<?php
abstract class base {
public static function getinstance() {
//这里的new static()实例化的是调用该静态方法的当前类。
return new static();
}
abstract public function printself();
}
class suba extends base {
public function printself() {
print "this is suba::printself.\n";
}
}
class subb extends base {
public function printself() {
print "this is subb::printself.\n";
}
}
suba::getinstance()->printself();
subb::getinstance()->printself();
运行结果如下:
stephens-air:desktop$ php test.php
this is suba::printself.
this is subb::printself.
static关键字不仅仅可以用于实例化。和self和parent一样,static还可以作为静态方法调用的标识符,甚至是从非静态上下文中调用。在该场景下,self仍然表示的是当前方法所在的类。见如下代码:
<?php
abstract class base {
private $ownedgroup;
public function __construct() {
//这里的static和上面的例子一样,表示当前调用该方法的实际类。
//需要另外说明的是,这里的getgroup方法即便不是静态方法,也会得到相同的结果。然而倘若
//getgroup真的只是普通类方法,那么这里还是建议使用$this。
$this->ownedgroup = static::getgroup();
}
public function printgroup() {
print "my group is ".$this->ownedgroup."\n";
}
public static function getinstance() {
return new static();
}
public static function getgroup() {
return "default";
}
}
class suba extends base {
}
class subb extends base {
public static function getgroup() {
return "subb";
}
}
suba::getinstance()->printgroup();
subb::getinstance()->printgroup();
运行结果如下:
stephens-air:desktop$ php test.php
my group is default
my group is subb
5. __destruct:
析构方法的作用和构造方法__construct刚好相反,它只是在对象被垃圾收集器收集之前自动调用,我们可以利用该方法做一些必要的清理工作。
<?php
class testclass {
function __destruct() {
print "testclass destructor is called.\n";
}
}
$testobj = new testclass();
unset($testobj);
print "application will exit.\n";
运行结果如下:
stephens-air:desktop$ php test.php
testclass destructor is called.
application will exit.
6. __clone:
在php 5之后的版本中,对象之间的赋值为引用赋值,即赋值后的两个对象将指向同一地址空间,如果想基于对象赋值,可以使用php提供的clone方法。该方法将当前对象浅拷贝之后的副本返回,如果想在clone的过程中完成一些特殊的操作,如深拷贝,则需要在当前类的声明中实现__clone方法,该方法在执行clone的过程中会被隐式调用。另外需要格外注意的是,__clone方法是作用再被拷贝的对象上,即赋值后的对象上执行。
<?php
class innerclass {
public $id = 10;
public function printself() {
print '$id = '.$this->id."\n";
}
}
class outerclass {
public $innerclass;
public function __construct() {
$this->innerclass = new innerclass();
}
public function __clone() {
$this->innerclass = clone $this->innerclass;
print "__clone is called.\n";
}
}
$outera = new outerclass();
print "before calling to clone.\n";
$outerb = clone $outera;
print "after calling to clone.\n";
$outera->innerclass->id = 20;
print "in outera: ";
$outera->innerclass->printself();
print "in outerb: ";
$outerb->innerclass->printself();
运行结果如下:
stephens-air:desktop$ php test.php
before calling to clone.
__clone is called.
after calling to clone.
in outera: $id = 20
in outerb: $id = 10
7. const:
php5可以在类中定义常量属性。和全局常量一样,一旦定义就不能改变。常量属性不需要像普通属性那样以$开头,按照惯例,只能用大写字母来命名常量。另外和静态属性一样,只能通过类而不能通过类的实例访问常量属性,引用常量时同样也不需要以$符号作为前导符。另外常量只能被赋值为基础类型,如整型,而不能指向任何对象类型。
<?php
class testclass {
const available = 0;
}
print "testclass::available = ".testclass::available."\n";
运行结果如下:
0stephens-air:desktop$ php test.php
testclass::available = 0
相关推荐:
php面向对象 静态延迟绑定static::
浅谈php面向对象编程
以上就是关于php面向对象中一些方法、函数应用的代码的详细内容。
