bitscn.com 说明：这里是在win7下安装的，新版本的mysql安装与之前有不同。
1、下载mysql-5.5.20-win32.zip，解压到d:/dev，d盘的dev文件夹下就会出现mysql-5.5.20-win32目录，将其重命名为mysql。
2、配置mysql的环境变量
新增系统变量mysql_home： d:/dev/mysql
在path变量的最后面添加： ;%mysql_home%/bin
保存即可。
3、打开文件my-default.ini另存为my.ini，删除my.ini中的所有配置，在my.ini文件中加入如下简单配置：(my.ini是保存在与my-default.ini同一个目录下的）(#表示注释）
mysql代码
# the following options will be passed to all mysql clients
[client]
#password = your_password
port = 3306
[mysql]
#设置mysql客户端的字符集
default-character-set = utf8
# the mysql server
[mysqld]
port = 3306
#设置mysql的安装目录
basedir = d:/dev/mysql
#设置mysql数据库的数据存放目录,必须是data或者/xxx-data
datadir = d:/dev/mysql/data
#设置服务器段的字符集
character_set_server = utf8
4、注册服务
开始菜单，搜索cmd，单击右键“以管理员身份运行”，输入命令：
mysql代码
mysqld --install mysql --defaults-file=d:/dev/mysql/my.ini（如果此时“出现install/remove of the service denied!”的错误，说明cmd不是以管理员身份运行
或着，
开始菜单，搜索cmd，单击右键“以管理员身份运行”，输入命令：
mysql代码
mysqld --install mysql在“服务”中就会出现mysql这一项。 ）
5、启动服务(开始菜单，搜索cmd，单击右键“以管理员身份运行”)：
mysql代码
net start mysql（如果此时启动有问题，如1067错误，一般是你的my.ini文件有问题，你检查一下看看，如果确认没有问题，或者你更改过，那执行以下步骤：
%mysqlhome%/bin>mysqld-nt --remove
service successfully removed.
然后重新执行步骤4
）
停止服务：
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net stop mysql6、服务启动后：
登录mysql服务器：
命令格式：
mysql代码
mysql -h hostname -u username -p（这里-h不要也可以，有可能出现can't connect to mysql server on 'localhost'错误，这个需要修改windows的hosts文件，加上127.0.0.1 localhost）
或
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mysql -hhostname -uusername -p命令说明：mysql命令将调用mysql监视程序，这是一个可以将我们连接到mysql服务器端的客户端命令行工具。
选项说明：
-h选项：用于指定所希望连接的主机，即运行mysql服务器的机器。如果在运行mysql服务器的机器上运行该命令，则可以忽略该选项和hostname参数；如果不是，必须用运行mysql服务器的主机名称来代替主机名称参数。
-u命令：用于指定连接数据库时使用的用户名称。
-p命令：用于指定用户输入的密码
此时我本机安装了mysql，可忽略该选项和hostname参数：
mysql代码
mysql -uroot -p注：
mysql的管理员用户名为root，密码默认为空 ，所以要你输密码时候直接回车即可
修改root密码
mysql配置好后，启动成功，默认密码是空，但是为了安全，设置密码（mysql有一个默认用户名为root，密码自己设定：假如设为root）。
1）登录mysql root用户：
打开命令行，执行：
mysql代码
mysql -uroot -p2）修改root密码：
mysql代码
mysql> update mysql.user set password=root where user=root;
mysql> flush privileges;修改该修改密码的语句：update mysql.user set password=root where user=root;
为： update mysql.user set password=password(root) where user=root;
详细说明：见最底下的补充说明。
以后再进入mysql，则为：
mysql代码
mysql -uroot -proot7、常用命令：
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create database new_dbname;--新建数据库
show databases;--显示数据库
use databasename;--使用数据库
select database();--查看已选择的数据库
show tables;--显示当前库的所有表
create table tablename(fieldname1 fieldtype1,fieldname2 fieldtype2,..)[engine=engine_name];--创建表
create table tablename select statement;--通过子查询创建表
desc tablename;--查看表结构
show create table tablename;--查看建表语句
alter table tablename add new_fielname new_fieldtype;--新增列
alter table tablename add new_fielname new_fieldtype after 列名1;--在列名1后新增列
alter table tablename modify fieldname new_fieldtype;--修改列
alter table tablename drop fieldname;--删除列
alter table tablename_old rename tablename_new;--表重命名
insert into tablename(fieldname1,fieldname2,fieldnamen) valuse(value1,value2,valuen);--增
delete from tablename [where fieldname=value];--删
update tablename set fieldname1=new_value where filename2=value;--改
select * from tablename [where filename=value];--查
truncate table tablename;--清空表中所有数据，ddl语句
show engines;--查看mysql现在已提供的存储引擎:
show variables like '%storage_engine%';--查看mysql当前默认的存储引擎
show create table tablename;--查看某张表用的存储引擎（结果的engine=部分）
alter table tablename engine=innodb--修改引擎
create table tablename(fieldname1 fieldtype1,fieldname2 fieldtype2,..) engine=engine_name;--创建表时设置存储引擎8、例如：
（1）登录mysql服务器后，查看当前时间，登录的用户以及数据库的版本
mysql代码
mysql> select now(),user(),version();
+---------------------+----------------+-----------+
| now() | user() | version() |
+---------------------+----------------+-----------+
| 2012-02-26 20:29:51 | root@localhost | 5.5.20 |
+---------------------+----------------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)（2）显示数据库列表
mysql代码
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.03 sec)（3）新增数据库并查看
mysql代码
mysql> create database test_db;
query ok, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
| test_db |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)（4）选择数据库
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mysql> use test_db;
database changed查看已选择的数据库：
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mysql> select database();
+------------+
| database() |
+------------+
| test_db |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)（5）显示当前数据库的所有数据表
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mysql> show tables;
empty set (0.00 sec)（6）新建数据表并查看
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mysql> create table person(
-> id int,
-> name varchar(20),
-> sex char(1),
-> birth date
-> );
query ok, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec) mysql代码
mysql> show tables;
+-------------------+
| tables_in_test_db |
+-------------------+
| person |
+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)（7）获取表结构
mysql代码
mysql> desc person;
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| field | type | null | key | default | extra |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(11) | yes | | null | |
| name | varchar(20) | yes | | null | |
| sex | char(1) | yes | | null | |
| birth | date | yes | | null | |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)或者
mysql代码
mysql> describe person;
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| field | type | null | key | default | extra |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(11) | yes | | null | |
| name | varchar(20) | yes | | null | |
| sex | char(1) | yes | | null | |
| birth | date | yes | | null | |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)（8）查询表中的数据
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mysql> select * from person;
empty set (0.00 sec)（9）插入数据
mysql代码
mysql> insert into person(id,name,sex,birth)
-> values(1,'zhangsan','1','1990-01-08');
query ok, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)查询表中的数据：
mysql代码
mysql> select * from person;
+------+----------+------+------------+
| id | name | sex | birth |
+------+----------+------+------------+
| 1 | zhangsan | 1 | 1990-01-08 |
+------+----------+------+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)（10）修改字段的类型
mysql代码
mysql> alter table person modify sex char(8);
query ok, 1 row affected (0.17 sec)
records: 1 duplicates: 0 warnings: 0查看字段描述：
mysql代码
mysql> desc person;
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| field | type | null | key | default | extra |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(11) | yes | | null | |
| name | varchar(20) | yes | | null | |
| sex | char(8) | yes | | null | |
| birth | date | yes | | null | |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)（11）新增一个字段
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mysql> alter table person add(address varchar(50));
query ok, 1 row affected (0.27 sec)
records: 1 duplicates: 0 warnings: 0查看字段描述：
mysql代码
mysql> desc person;
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| field | type | null | key | default | extra |
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(11) | yes | | null | |
| name | varchar(20) | yes | | null | |
| sex | char(8) | yes | | null | |
| birth | date | yes | | null | |
| address | varchar(50) | yes | | null | |
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)（12）更新字段内容
查看修改前表的内容：
mysql代码
mysql> select * from person;
+------+----------+------+------------+---------+
| id | name | sex | birth | address |
+------+----------+------+------------+---------+
| 1 | zhangsan | 1 | 1990-01-08 | null |
+------+----------+------+------------+---------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)修改：
mysql代码
mysql> update person set name='lisi' where id=1;
query ok, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)
rows matched: 1 changed: 1 warnings: 0
mysql> select * from person;
+------+------+------+------------+---------+
| id | name | sex | birth | address |
+------+------+------+------------+---------+
| 1 | lisi | 1 | 1990-01-08 | null |
+------+------+------+------------+---------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> update person set sex='man',address='china' where id=1;
query ok, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)
rows matched: 1 changed: 1 warnings: 0
mysql> select * from person;
+------+------+------+------------+---------+
| id | name | sex | birth | address |
+------+------+------+------------+---------+
| 1 | lisi | man | 1990-01-08 | china |
+------+------+------+------------+---------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)为了方便下面测试删除数据，在向person表中插入2条数据：
mysql代码
mysql> insert into person(id,name,sex,birth,address)
-> values(2,'wangwu','man','1990-01-10','china');
query ok, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> insert into person(id,name,sex,birth,address)
-> values(3,'zhangsan','man','1990-01-10','china');
query ok, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)
mysql> select * from person;
+------+----------+------+------------+---------+
| id | name | sex | birth | address |
+------+----------+------+------------+---------+
| 1 | lisi | man | 1990-01-08 | china |
| 2 | wangwu | man | 1990-01-10 | china |
| 3 | zhangsan | man | 1990-01-10 | china |
+------+----------+------+------------+---------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)（13）删除表中的数据
删除表中指定的数据：
mysql代码
mysql> delete from person where id=2;
query ok, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> select * from person;
+------+----------+------+------------+---------+
| id | name | sex | birth | address |
+------+----------+------+------------+---------+
| 1 | lisi | man | 1990-01-08 | china |
| 3 | zhangsan | man | 1990-01-10 | china |
+------+----------+------+------------+---------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)删除表中全部的数据：
mysql代码
mysql> delete from person;
query ok, 2 rows affected (0.04 sec)
mysql> select * from person;
empty set (0.00 sec)（14）重命名表
查看重命名前的表名：
mysql代码
mysql> show tables;
+-------------------+
| tables_in_test_db |
+-------------------+
| person |
+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)重命名：
mysql代码
mysql> alter table person rename person_test;
query ok, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
mysql> show tables;
+-------------------+
| tables_in_test_db |
+-------------------+
| person_test |
+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)（15）新增主键
mysql代码
mysql> alter table person_test add primary key(id);
query ok, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec)
records: 0 duplicates: 0 warnings: 0
mysql> desc person_test;
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| field | type | null | key | default | extra |
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(11) | no | pri | 0 | |
| name | varchar(20) | yes | | null | |
| sex | char(8) | yes | | null | |
| birth | date | yes | | null | |
| address | varchar(50) | yes | | null | |
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)删除主键：
mysql代码
mysql> alter table person_test drop primary key;
query ok, 0 rows affected (0.18 sec)
records: 0 duplicates: 0 warnings: 0
mysql> desc person_test;
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| field | type | null | key | default | extra |
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(11) | no | | 0 | |
| name | varchar(20) | yes | | null | |
| sex | char(8) | yes | | null | |
| birth | date | yes | | null | |
| address | varchar(50) | yes | | null | |
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)（16）删除表
mysql代码
mysql> drop table person_test;
query ok, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
mysql> show tables;
empty set (0.00 sec)（17）删除数据库
mysql代码
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
| test_db |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> drop database test_db;
query ok, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)（18）查看建表语句
mysql代码
mysql> show create table table_name;补充说明：
update mysql.user set password=root where user=root;修改的不是密码，如果按照这个方式修改了，重新登录时将会报错：
mysql代码
mysql> update mysql.user set password=root where user=root;
query ok, 3 rows affected (0.00 sec)
rows matched: 3 changed: 3 warnings: 0
mysql> exit
bye
c:/users/liqiong>mysql -uroot -p
enter password: ****
error 1045 (28000): access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: y
es)请按照以下方式重新修改密码，即可登录成功：
mysql代码
c:/users/liqiong>mysql -uroot
welcome to the mysql monitor. commands end with ; or /g.
your mysql connection id is 4
server version: 5.5.20 mysql community server (gpl)
copyright (c) 2000, 2011, oracle and/or its affiliates. all rights reserved.
oracle is a registered trademark of oracle corporation and/or its
affiliates. other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
type 'help;' or '/h' for help. type '/c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> update mysql.user set password=password(root) where user=root;
query ok, 3 rows affected (0.00 sec)
rows matched: 3 changed: 3 warnings: 0
mysql> flush privileges;
query ok, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> exit
bye
c:/users/liqiong>mysql -uroot -p
enter password: ****
welcome to the mysql monitor. commands end with ; or /g.
your mysql connection id is 5
server version: 5.5.20 mysql community server (gpl)
copyright (c) 2000, 2011, oracle and/or its affiliates. all rights reserved.
oracle is a registered trademark of oracle corporation and/or its
affiliates. other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
type 'help;' or '/h' for help. type '/c' to clear the current input statement.
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