nginx配置文件如下：
worker_processes 1;worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;#error_log logs/error.log;#error_log logs/error.log notice;#error_log logs/error.log info;error_log logs/error.log crit; pid logs/nginx.pid;events { worker_connections 65535; multi_accept on; use epoll;}http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; #log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] $request ' # '$status $body_bytes_sent $http_referer ' # '$http_user_agent $http_x_forwarded_for'; #access_log logs/access.log main; access_log off; server_tokens off; sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; tcp_nodelay on; #keepalive_timeout 0; keepalive_timeout 10; client_header_timeout 10; client_body_timeout 10; reset_timedout_connection on; send_timeout 10; gzip on; gzip_min_length 1024; gzip_buffers 4 16k; #gzip_http_version 1.1; gzip_comp_level 2; fastcgi_cache_path /usr/local/nginx/fastcgi_cache levels=1:2 keys_zone=test:10m inactive=5m; fastcgi_connect_timeout 300; fastcgi_send_timeout 300; fastcgi_read_timeout 300; fastcgi_buffer_size 64k; fastcgi_buffers 4 64k; fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k; fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k; fastcgi_cache test; fastcgi_cache_valid 200 302 1h; fastcgi_cache_valid 301 1d; fastcgi_cache_valid any 1m; server_names_hash_bucket_size 128; client_header_buffer_size 32k; large_client_header_buffers 4 32k; client_max_body_size 8m; server { listen 80 default; server_name _; return 403; } include /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/*.conf;

测试nginx 得到如下错误信息：
[root@test conf]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -tnginx: [emerg] unknown directive fastcgi_cache_path in /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf:46nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test failed

回复内容： nginx配置文件如下：
worker_processes 1;worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;#error_log logs/error.log;#error_log logs/error.log notice;#error_log logs/error.log info;error_log logs/error.log crit; pid logs/nginx.pid;events { worker_connections 65535; multi_accept on; use epoll;}http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; #log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] $request ' # '$status $body_bytes_sent $http_referer ' # '$http_user_agent $http_x_forwarded_for'; #access_log logs/access.log main; access_log off; server_tokens off; sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; tcp_nodelay on; #keepalive_timeout 0; keepalive_timeout 10; client_header_timeout 10; client_body_timeout 10; reset_timedout_connection on; send_timeout 10; gzip on; gzip_min_length 1024; gzip_buffers 4 16k; #gzip_http_version 1.1; gzip_comp_level 2; fastcgi_cache_path /usr/local/nginx/fastcgi_cache levels=1:2 keys_zone=test:10m inactive=5m; fastcgi_connect_timeout 300; fastcgi_send_timeout 300; fastcgi_read_timeout 300; fastcgi_buffer_size 64k; fastcgi_buffers 4 64k; fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k; fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k; fastcgi_cache test; fastcgi_cache_valid 200 302 1h; fastcgi_cache_valid 301 1d; fastcgi_cache_valid any 1m; server_names_hash_bucket_size 128; client_header_buffer_size 32k; large_client_header_buffers 4 32k; client_max_body_size 8m; server { listen 80 default; server_name _; return 403; } include /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/*.conf;

测试nginx 得到如下错误信息：
[root@test conf]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -tnginx: [emerg] unknown directive fastcgi_cache_path in /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf:46nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test failed

你是怎么安装的nginx啊 configure怎么设置的 总感觉你的http_fastcgi_module模块没有安装
你nginx -v 看下输出 是不是把他给without了啊
更新：
经题主测试 开启--with-http-cache后，fastcgi_cache可用
补充一下，nginx版本是1.6.3，最新稳定版