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方法1、 用 set 语法来指定，不加 “global” 的话就只对本次会话有效
set [global] character_set_client = utf8;
set [global] character_set_connection = utf8;
set [global] character_set_database = utf8;
set [global] character_set_results = utf8;
set [global] character_set_server = utf8;
方法2、 也用set语法，只对本次会话有效
set names ‘utf8′;
方法3、 直接修改 my.ini，增加一行内容，然后重启 mysql，使之全局生效
default-character-set = utf8
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