1.简单的将日志打印到屏幕
import logging
logging.debug('this is debug message')
logging.info('this is info message')
logging.warning('this is warning message')
屏幕上打印:
warning:root:this is warning message
默认情况下,logging将日志打印到屏幕,日志级别为warning;
日志级别大小关系为:critical > error >
warning > info > debug > notset,当然也可以自己定义日志级别。
2.通过logging.basicconfig函数对日志的输出格式及方式做相关配置
import logging
logging.basicconfig(level=logging.debug,
format='%(asctime)s %(filename)s[line:%(lineno)d] %(levelname)s %(message)s',
datefmt='%a, %d %b %y %h:%m:%s',
filename='myapp.log',
filemode='w')
logging.debug('this is debug message')
logging.info('this is info message')
logging.warning('this is warning message')
./myapp.log文件中内容为:
sun, 24 may 2009 21:48:54 demo2.py[line:11] debug this is debug message
sun, 24 may 2009 21:48:54 demo2.py[line:12] info this is info message
sun, 24 may 2009 21:48:54 demo2.py[line:13] warning this is warning message
logging.basicconfig函数各参数:
filename: 指定日志文件名
filemode:
和file函数意义相同,指定日志文件的打开模式,'w'或'a'
format:
指定输出的格式和内容,format可以输出很多有用信息,如上例所示:
%(levelno)s: 打印日志级别的数值
%(levelname)s:
打印日志级别名称
%(pathname)s: 打印当前执行程序的路径,其实就是sys.argv[0]
%(filename)s:
打印当前执行程序名
%(funcname)s: 打印日志的当前函数
%(lineno)d: 打印日志的当前行号
%(asctime)s:
打印日志的时间
%(thread)d: 打印线程id
%(threadname)s: 打印线程名称
%(process)d: 打印进程id
%(message)s:
打印日志信息
datefmt: 指定时间格式,同time.strftime()
level:
设置日志级别,默认为logging.warning
stream:
指定将日志的输出流,可以指定输出到sys.stderr,sys.stdout或者文件,默认输出到sys.stderr,当stream和filename同时指定时,stream被忽略
3.将日志同时输出到文件和屏幕
import logging
logging.basicconfig(level=logging.debug,
format='%(asctime)s %(filename)s[line:%(lineno)d] %(levelname)s %(message)s',
datefmt='%a, %d %b %y %h:%m:%s',
filename='myapp.log',
filemode='w')##################################################################################################定义一个streamhandler,将info级别或更高的日志信息打印到标准错误,并将其添加到当前的日志处理对象#console = logging.streamhandler()
console.setlevel(logging.info)
formatter = logging.formatter('%(name)-12s: %(levelname)-8s %(message)s')
console.setformatter(formatter)
logging.getlogger('').addhandler(console)#################################################################################################
logging.debug('this is debug message')
logging.info('this is info message')
logging.warning('this is warning message')
屏幕上打印:
root : info this is info message
root : warning this is warning message
./myapp.log文件中内容为:
sun, 24 may 2009 21:48:54 demo2.py[line:11] debug this is debug message
sun, 24 may 2009 21:48:54 demo2.py[line:12] info this is info message
sun, 24 may 2009 21:48:54 demo2.py[line:13] warning this is warning message
4.logging之日志回滚
import loggingfrom logging.handlers import rotatingfilehandler##################################################################################################定义一个rotatingfilehandler,最多备份5个日志文件,每个日志文件最大10mrthandler = rotatingfilehandler('myapp.log', maxbytes=10*1024*1024,backupcount=5)
rthandler.setlevel(logging.info)
formatter = logging.formatter('%(name)-12s: %(levelname)-8s %(message)s')
rthandler.setformatter(formatter)
logging.getlogger('').addhandler(rthandler)################################################################################################
从上例和本例可以看出,logging有一个日志处理的主对象,其它处理方式都是通过addhandler添加进去的。
logging的几种handle方式如下:
logging.streamhandler:
日志输出到流,可以是sys.stderr、sys.stdout或者文件 logging.filehandler: 日志输出到文件
日志回滚方式,实际使用时用rotatingfilehandler和timedrotatingfilehandler
logging.handlers.baserotatinghandler logging.handlers.rotatingfilehandler
logging.handlers.timedrotatingfilehandler
logging.handlers.sockethandler:
远程输出日志到tcp/ip sockets
logging.handlers.datagramhandler:
远程输出日志到udp sockets
logging.handlers.smtphandler:
远程输出日志到邮件地址
logging.handlers.sysloghandler:
日志输出到syslog
logging.handlers.nteventloghandler:
远程输出日志到windows nt/2000/xp的事件日志
logging.handlers.memoryhandler:
日志输出到内存中的制定buffer
logging.handlers.httphandler:
通过get或post远程输出到http服务器
由于streamhandler和filehandler是常用的日志处理方式,所以直接包含在logging模块中,而其他方式则包含在logging.handlers模块中,
上述其它处理方式的使用请参见python2.5手册!
5.通过logging.config模块配置日志
#logger.conf
############################################### [loggers]
keys=root,example01,example02
[logger_root]
level=debug
handlers=hand01,hand02
[logger_example01]
handlers=hand01,hand02
qualname=example01
propagate=0
[logger_example02]
handlers=hand01,hand03
qualname=example02
propagate=0
############################################### [handlers]
keys=hand01,hand02,hand03
[handler_hand01]
class=streamhandler
level=info
formatter=form02
args=(sys.stderr,)
[handler_hand02]class=filehandler
level=debug
formatter=form01
args=('myapp.log', 'a')
[handler_hand03]class=handlers.rotatingfilehandler
level=info
formatter=form02
args=('myapp.log', 'a', 10*1024*1024, 5)
############################################### [formatters]
keys=form01,form02
[formatter_form01]
format=%(asctime)s %(filename)s[line:%(lineno)d] %(levelname)s %(message)s
datefmt=%a, %d %b %y %h:%m:%s
[formatter_form02]
format=%(name)-12s: %(levelname)-8s %(message)s
datefmt=
import loggingimport logging.config
logging.config.fileconfig(logger.conf)
logger = logging.getlogger(example01)
logger.debug('this is debug message')
logger.info('this is info message')
logger.warning('this is warning message')
import loggingimport logging.config
logging.config.fileconfig(logger.conf)
logger = logging.getlogger(example02)
logger.debug('this is debug message')
logger.info('this is info message')
logger.warning('this is warning message')
6.logging是线程安全的
以上就是python模块学习logging的内容。