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编写Python的web框架中的Model的教程

有了orm,我们就可以把web app需要的3个表用model表示出来:
import time, uuidfrom transwarp.db import next_idfrom transwarp.orm import model, stringfield, booleanfield, floatfield, textfieldclass user(model): __table__ = 'users' id = stringfield(primary_key=true, default=next_id, ddl='varchar(50)') email = stringfield(updatable=false, ddl='varchar(50)') password = stringfield(ddl='varchar(50)') admin = booleanfield() name = stringfield(ddl='varchar(50)') image = stringfield(ddl='varchar(500)') created_at = floatfield(updatable=false, default=time.time)class blog(model): __table__ = 'blogs' id = stringfield(primary_key=true, default=next_id, ddl='varchar(50)') user_id = stringfield(updatable=false, ddl='varchar(50)') user_name = stringfield(ddl='varchar(50)') user_image = stringfield(ddl='varchar(500)') name = stringfield(ddl='varchar(50)') summary = stringfield(ddl='varchar(200)') content = textfield() created_at = floatfield(updatable=false, default=time.time)class comment(model): __table__ = 'comments' id = stringfield(primary_key=true, default=next_id, ddl='varchar(50)') blog_id = stringfield(updatable=false, ddl='varchar(50)') user_id = stringfield(updatable=false, ddl='varchar(50)') user_name = stringfield(ddl='varchar(50)') user_image = stringfield(ddl='varchar(500)') content = textfield() created_at = floatfield(updatable=false, default=time.time)
在编写orm时,给一个field增加一个default参数可以让orm自己填入缺省值,非常方便。并且,缺省值可以作为函数对象传入,在调用insert()时自动计算。
例如,主键id的缺省值是函数next_id,创建时间created_at的缺省值是函数time.time,可以自动设置当前日期和时间。
日期和时间用float类型存储在数据库中,而不是datetime类型,这么做的好处是不必关心数据库的时区以及时区转换问题,排序非常简单,显示的时候,只需要做一个float到str的转换,也非常容易。
初始化数据库表
如果表的数量很少,可以手写创建表的sql脚本:
-- schema.sqldrop database if exists awesome;create database awesome;use awesome;grant select, insert, update, delete on awesome.* to 'www-data'@'localhost' identified by 'www-data';create table users ( `id` varchar(50) not null, `email` varchar(50) not null, `password` varchar(50) not null, `admin` bool not null, `name` varchar(50) not null, `image` varchar(500) not null, `created_at` real not null, unique key `idx_email` (`email`), key `idx_created_at` (`created_at`), primary key (`id`)) engine=innodb default charset=utf8;create table blogs ( `id` varchar(50) not null, `user_id` varchar(50) not null, `user_name` varchar(50) not null, `user_image` varchar(500) not null, `name` varchar(50) not null, `summary` varchar(200) not null, `content` mediumtext not null, `created_at` real not null, key `idx_created_at` (`created_at`), primary key (`id`)) engine=innodb default charset=utf8;create table comments ( `id` varchar(50) not null, `blog_id` varchar(50) not null, `user_id` varchar(50) not null, `user_name` varchar(50) not null, `user_image` varchar(500) not null, `content` mediumtext not null, `created_at` real not null, key `idx_created_at` (`created_at`), primary key (`id`)) engine=innodb default charset=utf8;
如果表的数量很多,可以从model对象直接通过脚本自动生成sql脚本,使用更简单。
把sql脚本放到mysql命令行里执行:
$ mysql -u root -p < schema.sql
我们就完成了数据库表的初始化。
编写数据访问代码
接下来,就可以真正开始编写代码操作对象了。比如,对于user对象,我们就可以做如下操作:
# test_db.pyfrom models import user, blog, commentfrom transwarp import dbdb.create_engine(user='www-data', password='www-data', database='awesome')u = user(name='test', email='test@example.com', password='1234567890', image='about:blank')u.insert()print 'new user id:', u.idu1 = user.find_first('where email=?', 'test@example.com')print 'find user\'s name:', u1.nameu1.delete()u2 = user.find_first('where email=?', 'test@example.com')print 'find user:', u2
可以在mysql客户端命令行查询,看看数据是不是正常存储到mysql里面了。
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