这篇文章主要介绍了php的魔术方法的使用示例(php魔术函数),需要的朋友可以参考下
复制代码 代码如下:
/** php把所有以__（两个下划线）开头的类方法当成魔术方法。所以你定义自己的类方法时，，不要以 __为前缀。 * */
// __tostring、__set、__get__isset()、__unset()
/*
the __tostring method allows a class to decide how it will react when it is converted to a string.
__set() is run when writing data to inaccessible members.
__get() is utilized for reading data from inaccessible members.
__isset() is triggered by calling isset() or empty() on inaccessible members.
__unset() is invoked when unset() is used on inaccessible members.
*/
class testclass {
private $data = array();
public $foo;
public function __construct($foo) {
$this->foo = $foo;
}
public function __tostring() {
return $this->foo;
}
public function __set($name, $value) {
echo __set, setting '$name' to '$value'\n;
$this->data[$name] = $value;
}
public function __get($name) {
echo __get, getting '$name'\n;
if (array_key_exists($name, $this->data)) {
return $this->data[$name];
}
}
/** as of php 5.1.0 */
public function __isset($name) {
echo __isset, is '$name' set?\n;
return isset($this->data[$name]);
}
/** as of php 5.1.0 */
public function __unset($name) {
echo __unset, unsetting '$name'\n;
unset($this->data[$name]);
}
}
$obj = new testclass('hello');
echo __tostring, $obj\n;
$obj->a = 1;
echo $obj->a . \n\n;
var_dump(isset($obj->a));
unset($obj->a);
var_dump(isset($obj->a));
echo \n\n;
/**
输出结果如下：
__tostring, hello
__set, setting 'a' to '1'
__get, getting 'a'
__isset, is 'a' set?
bool(true)
__unset, unsetting 'a'
__isset, is 'a' set?
bool(false)
**/
// __call __callstatic
/*
mixed __call ( string $name , array $arguments )
mixed __callstatic ( string $name , array $arguments )
__call() is triggered when invoking inaccessible methods in an object context.
__callstatic() is triggered when invoking inaccessible methods in a static context.
the $name argument is the name of the method being called.
the $arguments argument is an enumerated array containing the parameters passed to the $name'ed method.
*/
class methodtest {
public function __call($name, $arguments) {
// note: value of $name is case sensitive.
echo __call, calling object method '$name' . implode(', ', $arguments) . \n;
}
/** as of php 5.3.0 */
public static function __callstatic($name, $arguments) {
// note: value of $name is case sensitive.
echo __callstatic, calling static method '$name' . implode(', ', $arguments) . \n;
}
}
$obj = new methodtest;
$obj->runtest('in object context', 'param2', 'param3');
//methodtest::runtest('in static context'); // as of php 5.3.0
echo \n\n;
/**
输出结果如下：
__call, calling object method 'runtest' in object context, param2, param3
string(10) __invoke:
*/
// __invoke
/*
the __invoke method is called when a script tries to call an object as a function.
note: this feature is available since php 5.3.0.
*/
class callableclass {
function __invoke($x) {
var_dump($x);
}
}
$obj = new callableclass;
//$obj(5);
var_dump('__invoke: ' . is_callable($obj));
echo \n\n;
// __sleep __wakeup
/*
串行化serialize可以把变量包括对象,转化成连续bytes数据. 你可以将串行化后的变量存在一个文件里或在网络上传输.
然后再反串行化还原为原来的数据. 你在反串行化类的对象之前定义的类,php可以成功地存储其对象的属性和方法.
有时你可能需要一个对象在反串行化后立即执行. 为了这样的目的,php会自动寻找__sleep和__wakeup方法.
当一个对象被串行化,php会调用__sleep方法(如果存在的话). 在反串行化一个对象后,php 会调用__wakeup方法.
这两个方法都不接受参数. __sleep方法必须返回一个数组,包含需要串行化的属性. php会抛弃其它属性的值.
如果没有__sleep方法,php将保存所有属性.下面的例子显示了如何用__sleep和__wakeup方法来串行化一个对象.
id属性是一个不打算保留在对象中的临时属性. __sleep方法保证在串行化的对象中不包含id属性.
当反串行化一个user对象,__wakeup方法建立id属性的新值. 这个例子被设计成自我保持.
在实际开发中,你可能发现包含资源(如图像或数据流)的对象需要这些方法
*/
class user {
public $name;
public $id;
function __construct() {
//give user a unique id 赋予一个差别 的id
$this->id = uniqid();
}
//__sleep返回值的类型是数组，数组中的值是不需要串型化的字段id
function __sleep() {
//do not serialize this->id 不串行化id
return(array(name));
}
function __wakeup() {
//give user a unique id
$this->id = uniqid();
}
}
//create object 成立一个器材
$u = new user;
$u->name = leon; //serialize it 串行化 留意不串行化id属性,id的值被遗弃
$s = serialize($u);
echo __sleep, __wakeup, s: $s; //unserialize it 反串行化 id被重新赋值
$u2 = unserialize($s); //$u and $u2 have different ids $u和$u2有差别 的id
print_r($u);
print_r($u2);
echo \n\n;
/**
输出结果如下：
__sleep, __wakeup, s: o:4:user:1:{s:4:name;s:4:leon;}
user object
(
[name] => leon
[id] => 4db1b17640da1
)
user object
(
[name] => leon
[id] => 4db1b17640dbc
)
*/
// __set_state
/*
this static method is called for classes exported by var_export() since php 5.1.0.
the only parameter of this method is an array containing exported properties in the form array('property' => value, ...).
*/
class a {
public $var1;
public $var2;
public static function __set_state($an_array) { // as of php 5.1.0
//$an_array打印出来是数组，而不是调用时传递的对象
print_r($an_array);
$obj = new a;
$obj->var1 = $an_array['var1'];
$obj->var2 = $an_array['var2'];
return $obj;
}
}
$a = new a;
$a->var1 = 5;
$a->var2 = 'foo';
echo __set_state:\n;
eval('$b = ' . var_export($a, true) . ';');
// $b = a::__set_state(array(
// 'var1' => 5,
// 'var2' => 'foo',
// ));
var_dump($b);
echo \n\n;
/**
输出结果如下：
__set_state:
array
(
[var1] => 5
[var2] => foo
)
object(a)#5 (2) {
[var1]=>
int(5)
[var2]=>
string(3) foo
}
*/
// __clone
class subobject {
static $instances = 0;
public $instance;
public function __construct() {
$this->instance = ++self::$instances;
}
public function __clone() {
$this->instance = ++self::$instances;
}
}
class mycloneable {
public $object1;
public $object2;
function __clone() {
// force a copy of this->object, otherwise
// it will point to same object.
$this->object1 = clone $this->object1;
}
}
$obj = new mycloneable();
$obj->object1 = new subobject();
$obj->object2 = new subobject();
$obj2 = clone $obj;
print(__clone, original object:\n);
print_r($obj);
print(__clone, cloned object:\n);
print_r($obj2);
echo \n\n;
/**
输出结果如下：
__clone, original object:
mycloneable object
(
[object1] => subobject object
(
[instance] => 1
) [object2] => subobject object
(
[instance] => 2
))
__clone, cloned object:
mycloneable object
(
[object1] => subobject object
(
[instance] => 3
) [object2] => subobject object
(
[instance] => 2
))
*/