一、mysql的主从复制复制过程需要至少两个mysql服务节点，mysql的主从复制框架一般都为一主多从，从多机房汇总到数据中心的模式，而复制过程只能从主服务器到从
一、mysql的主从复制
复制过程需要至少两个mysql服务节点，mysql的主从复制框架一般都为一主多从，，从多机房汇总到数据中心的模式，而复制过程只能从主服务器到从服务器实现。
复制过程中，主服务器负责读/写操作，而从服务器只负责读操作
二、主从复制的功能
1、实现数据冗余、异地灾备恢复、备份
2、实现数据的读/写分离
3、实现数据库服务的负载均衡
4、实现高可用与故障切换
5、实现mysql的升级测试
三、主从复制过程中注意的事项
1、不要混合shi用不同的存储引擎
2、主从服务器的server-id 要保持不同
3、尽力避免修改从服务器的数据库
4、尽可能的使用基于行或基于混合模式的复制，避免使用基于语句的复制
5、主服务器要启动二进制日志，而从节点则是开启中继日志，而且要确保从服务器的复制线程时刻开启着
6、注意因为磁盘及内存的大小不足而导致的复制崩溃
四、主从复制的具体实现过程
mysql主从复制拓扑图
1、准备两个安装过mysql服务的节点xz：172.16.200.5,node2：172.16.200.7,修改主机名并同步时间；
[root@xz ~]# hostname master[root@master ~]# crontab -e*/1 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate 172.16.0.1 &> /dev/null[root@node2 ~]# hostname slave[root@slave ~]# crontab -e*/1 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate 172.16.0.1 &> /dev/null2、在主节点上创建有复制权限的用户，于从节点上使用授权用户连接测试；
[root@master ~]# mysqlwelcome to the mysql monitor. commands end with ; or \g.your mysql connection id is 3server version: 5.5.33-log mysql community server (gpl)。。。。。mysql> grant replication slave,replication client on *.* to 'zly'@'172.16.200.7' identified by 'mypass';query ok, 0 rows affected (0.35 sec)mysql> flush privileges;query ok, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)mysql> show grants for 'zly'@'172.16.200.7';+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+| grants for zly@172.16.200.7|+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+| grant replication slave, replication client on *.* to 'zly'@'172.16.200.7' identified by password '*6c8989366eaf75bb670ad8ea7a7fc1176a95cef4' |+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+1 row in set (0.03 sec)...........[root@slave ~]# mysql -uzly -pmypass -h 172.16.200.5welcome to the mysql monitor. commands end with ; or \g.your mysql connection id is 4server version: 5.5.33-log mysql community server (gpl)copyright (c) 2000, 2013, oracle and/or its affiliates. all rights reserved.oracle is a registered trademark of oracle corporation and/or itsaffiliates. other names may be trademarks of their respectiveowners.type 'help;' or '\h' for help. type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql> 3、修改主从两个节点的配置文件，并重新启动mysql服务;
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/my.cnflog-bin=mysql-binlog_bin_index = mysql_bin.indexbinlog_format=mixedserver-id= 5[root@master ~]# killall mysqld[root@master ~]# ps aux | grep mysqldroot7700 0.0 0.1 103244 832 pts/3 s+ 09:27 0:00 grep mysqld[root@master ~]# service mysqld restartmysql server pid file could not be found![failed]starting mysql...[ ok ][root@master ~]# service mysqld restartshutting down mysql.[ ok ]starting mysql..[ ok ]...............[root@slave ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf#log-bin=mysql-bin# binary logging format - mixed recommended#binlog_format=mixedskip_slave_start = 1read_only = 1relay_log = relay_logrelay_log_index = relay_log.index# required unique id between 1 and 2^32 - 1# defaults to 1 if master-host is not set# but will not function as a master if omittedserver-id= 7[root@slave ~]# killall mysqld[root@slave ~]# ps aux | grep mysqldroot8796 0.0 0.1 103244 832 pts/4 s+ 23:45 0:00 grep mysqld[root@slave ~]# service mysqld restartmysql server pid file could not be found![failed]starting mysql..[ ok ][root@slave ~]# service mysqld restartshutting down mysql.[ ok ]starting mysql..[ ok ] 4、查看主节点的二进制日志及其事件位置;
mysql> show master status;+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+| file| position | binlog_do_db | binlog_ignore_db |+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+| mysql-bin.000011 |107 |||+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec) 5、与从节点上复制主节点上的数据;
[root@slave ~]# mysqlmysql> help change master toname: 'change master to'description:syntax:change master to option [, option] ...option:master_bind = 'interface_name' | master_host = 'host_name' | master_user = 'user_name' | master_password = 'password' | master_port = port_num | master_connect_retry = interval | master_heartbeat_period = interval | master_log_file = 'master_log_name' | master_log_pos = master_log_pos | relay_log_file = 'relay_log_name' | relay_log_pos = relay_log_pos | master_ssl = {0|1} | master_ssl_ca = 'ca_file_name' | master_ssl_capath = 'ca_directory_name' | master_ssl_cert = 'cert_file_name' | master_ssl_key = 'key_file_name' | master_ssl_cipher = 'cipher_list' | master_ssl_verify_server_cert = {0|1} | ignore_server_ids = (server_id_list)server_id_list:[server_id [, server_id] ... ]........................................mysql> change master to-> master_host='172.16.200.5',master_user='zly',master_password='mypass',master_port=3306,master_log_file='mysql-bin.000011',master_log_pos=107;query ok, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec) 6、启动从服务器复制线程、查看状态，并查看启动的线程;