redis配置文件参数说明: 1. redis默认不是以守护进程的方式运行，可以通过该配置项修改，使用yes启用守护进程 daemonize no 2.
redis配置文件参数说明: 
1. redis默认不是以守护进程的方式运行，可以通过该配置项修改，使用yes启用守护进程
daemonize no
2. 当redis以守护进程方式运行时，redis默认会把pid写入/var/run/redis.pid文件，可以通过pidfile指定
pidfile /var/run/redis.pid
3. 指定redis监听端口，默认端口为6379，作者在自己的一篇博文中解释了为什么选用6379作为默认端口，因为6379在手机按键上merz对应的号码，而merz取自意大利歌女alessia merz的名字
port 6379
4. 绑定的主机地址
bind 127.0.0.1
5.当 客户端闲置多长时间后关闭连接，如果指定为0，表示关闭该功能
timeout 300
6. 指定日志记录级别，redis总共支持四个级别：debug、verbose、notice、warning，默认为verbose
loglevel verbose
7. 日志记录方式，默认为标准输出，如果配置redis为守护进程方式运行，而这里又配置为日志记录方式为标准输出，则日志将会发送给/dev/null
logfile stdout
8. 设置数据库的数量，默认数据库为0，可以使用select 命令在连接上指定数据库id
databases 16
9. 指定在多长时间内，有多少次更新操作，就将数据同步到数据文件，可以多个条件配合
save
redis默认配置文件中提供了三个条件：
save 900 1
save 300 10
save 60 10000
分别表示900秒（15分钟）内有1个更改，300秒（5分钟）内有10个更改以及60秒内有10000个更改。
10. 指定存储至本地数据库时是否压缩数据，默认为yes，redis采用lzf压缩，如果为了节省cpu时间，可以关闭该选项，但会导致数据库文件变的巨大
rdbcompression yes
11. 指定本地数据库文件名，默认值为dump.rdb
dbfilename dump.rdb
12. 指定本地数据库存放目录
dir ./
13. 设置当本机为slav服务时，设置master服务的ip地址及端口，在redis启动时，它会自动从master进行数据同步
slaveof
14. 当master服务设置了密码保护时，slav服务连接master的密码
masterauth
15. 设置redis连接密码，如果配置了连接密码，客户端在连接redis时需要通过auth 命令提供密码，默认关闭
requirepass foobared
16. 设置同一时间最大客户端连接数，默认无限制，redis可以同时打开的客户端连接数为redis进程可以打开的最大文件描述符数，如果设置 maxclients 0，表示不作限制。当客户端连接数到达限制时，redis会关闭新的连接并向客户端返回max number of clients reached错误信息
maxclients 128
17. 指定redis最大内存限制，redis在启动时会把数据加载到内存中，达到最大内存后，redis会先尝试清除已到期或即将到期的key，当此方法处理 后，仍然到达最大内存设置，将无法再进行写入操作，，但仍然可以进行读取操作。redis新的vm机制，会把key存放内存，value会存放在swap区
maxmemory
18. 指定是否在每次更新操作后进行日志记录，redis在默认情况下是异步的把数据写入磁盘，如果不开启，可能会在断电时导致一段时间内的数据丢失。因为 redis本身同步数据文件是按上面save条件来同步的，所以有的数据会在一段时间内只存在于内存中。默认为no
appendonly no
19. 指定更新日志文件名，默认为appendonly.aof
appendfilename appendonly.aof
20. 指定更新日志条件，共有3个可选值：
no：表示等操作系统进行数据缓存同步到磁盘（快）
always：表示每次更新操作后手动调用fsync()将数据写到磁盘（慢，安全）
everysec：表示每秒同步一次（折衷，默认值）
appendfsync everysec
21. 指定是否启用虚拟内存机制，默认值为no，简单的介绍一下，vm机制将数据分页存放，由redis将访问量较少的页即冷数据swap到磁盘上，访问多的页面由磁盘自动换出到内存中（在后面的文章我会仔细分析redis的vm机制）
vm-enabled no
22. 虚拟内存文件路径，默认值为/tmp/redis.swap，不可多个redis实例共享
vm-swap-file /tmp/redis.swap
23. 将所有大于vm-max-memory的数据存入虚拟内存,无论vm-max-memory设置多小,所有索引数据都是内存存储的(redis的索引数据 就是keys),也就是说,当vm-max-memory设置为0的时候,其实是所有value都存在于磁盘。默认值为0
vm-max-memory 0
24. redis swap文件分成了很多的page，一个对象可以保存在多个page上面，但一个page上不能被多个对象共享，vm-page-size是要根据存储的 数据大小来设定的，作者建议如果存储很多小对象，page大小最好设置为32或者64bytes；如果存储很大大对象，则可以使用更大的page，如果不 确定，就使用默认值
vm-page-size 32
25. 设置swap文件中的page数量，由于页表（一种表示页面空闲或使用的bitmap）是在放在内存中的，，在磁盘上每8个pages将消耗1byte的内存。
vm-pages 134217728
26. 设置访问swap文件的线程数,最好不要超过机器的核数,如果设置为0,那么所有对swap文件的操作都是串行的，可能会造成比较长时间的延迟。默认值为4
vm-max-threads 4
27. 设置在向客户端应答时，是否把较小的包合并为一个包发送，默认为开启
glueoutputbuf yes
28. 指定在超过一定的数量或者最大的元素超过某一临界值时，采用一种特殊的哈希算法
hash-max-zipmap-entries 64
hash-max-zipmap-value 512
29. 指定是否激活重置哈希，默认为开启（后面在介绍redis的哈希算法时具体介绍）
activerehashing yes
30. 指定包含其它的配置文件，可以在同一主机上多个redis实例之间使用同一份配置文件，而同时各个实例又拥有自己的特定配置文件
include /path/to/local.conf
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
完整配置文件：
# redis configuration file example
# by default redis does not run as a daemon. use 'yes' if you need it.
# note that redis will write a pid file in /var/run/redis.pid when daemonized.
daemonize no
# when run as a daemon, redis write a pid file in /var/run/redis.pid by default.
# you can specify a custom pid file location here.
pidfile /var/run/redis.pid
# accept connections on the specified port, default is 6379
port 6379
# if you want you can bind a single interface, if the bind option is not
# specified all the interfaces will listen for connections.
#
# bind 127.0.0.1
# close the connection after a client is idle for n seconds (0 to disable)
timeout 300
# set server verbosity to 'debug'
# it can be one of:
# debug (a lot of information, useful for development/testing)
# notice (moderately verbose, what you want in production probably)
# warning (only very important / critical messages are logged)
loglevel debug
# specify the log file name. also 'stdout' can be used to force
# the demon to log on the standard output. note that if you use standard
# output for logging but daemonize, logs will be sent to /dev/null
logfile stdout
# set the number of databases. the default database is db 0, you can select
# a different one on a per-connection basis using select where
# dbid is a number between 0 and 'databases'-1
databases 16
################################ snapshotting （快照）#################################
#
# save the db on disk:
#
# save
#
# will save the db if both the given number of seconds and the given
# number of write operations against the db occurred.
#
# in the example below the behaviour will be to save:
# after 900 sec (15 min) if at least 1 key changed
# after 300 sec (5 min) if at least 10 keys changed
# after 60 sec if at least 10000 keys changed
save 900 1
save 300 10
save 60 10000
# compress string objects using lzf when dump .rdb databases?
# for default that's set to 'yes' as it's almost always a win.
# if you want to save some cpu in the saving child set it to 'no' but
# the dataset will likely be bigger if you have compressible values or keys.
rdbcompression yes
# the filename where to dump the db
dbfilename dump.rdb
# for default save/load db in/from the working directory
# note that you must specify a directory not a file name.
dir ./
################################# replication #################################
# master-slave replication. use slaveof to make a redis instance a copy of
# another redis server. note that the configuration is local to the slave
# so for example it is possible to configure the slave to save the db with a
# different interval, or to listen to another port, and so on.
#
# slaveof
# if the master is password protected (using the requirepass configuration
# directive below) it is possible to tell the slave to authenticate before
# starting the replication synchronization process, otherwise the master will
# refuse the slave request.
#
# masterauth
################################## security ###################################
# require clients to issue auth before processing any other
# commands. this might be useful in environments in which you do not trust
# others with access to the host running redis-server.
#
# this should stay commented out for backward compatibility and because most
# people do not need auth (e.g. they run their own servers).
#
# requirepass foobared
################################### limits ####################################
# set the max number of connected clients at the same time. by default there
# is no limit, and it's up to the number of file descriptors the redis process
# is able to open. the special value '0' means no limts.
# once the limit is reached redis will close all the new connections sending
# an error 'max number of clients reached'.
#
# maxclients 128
# don't use more memory than the specified amount of bytes.
# when the memory limit is reached redis will try to remove keys with an
# expire set. it will try to start freeing keys that are going to expire
# in little time and preserve keys with a longer time to live.
# redis will also try to remove objects from free lists if possible.
#
# if all this fails, redis will start to reply with errors to commands
# that will use more memory, like set, lpush, and so on, and will continue
# to reply to most read-only commands like get.
#
# warning: maxmemory can be a good idea mainly if you want to use redis as a
# 'state' server or cache, not as a real db. when redis is used as a real
# database the memory usage will grow over the weeks, it will be obvious if
# it is going to use too much memory in the long run, and you'll have the time
# to upgrade. with maxmemory after the limit is reached you'll start to get
# errors for write operations, and this may even lead to db inconsistency.
#
# maxmemory
############################## append only mode ###############################
# by default redis asynchronously（异步） dumps the dataset on disk. if you can live
# with the idea that the latest records will be lost if something like a crash
# happens this is the preferred way to run redis. if instead you care a lot
# about your data and don't want to that a single record can get lost you should
# enable the append only mode: when this mode is enabled redis will append
# every write operation received in the file appendonly.log. this file will
# be read on startup in order to rebuild the full dataset in memory.
#
# note that you can have both the async dumps and the append only file if you
# like (you have to comment the save statements above to disable the dumps).
# still if append only mode is enabled redis will load the data from the
# log file at startup ignoring the dump.rdb file.
#
# the name of the append only file is appendonly.log
#
# important: check the bgrewriteaof to check how to rewrite the append
# log file in background when it gets too big.
appendonly no
# the fsync() call tells the operating system to actually write data on disk
# instead to wait for more data in the output buffer. some os will really flush
# data on disk, some other os will just try to do it asap.
#
# redis supports three different modes:
#
# no: don't fsync, just let the os flush the data when it wants. faster.
# always: fsync after every write to the append only log . slow, safest.
# everysec: fsync only if one second passed since the last fsync. compromise.
#
# the default is always that's the safer of the options. it's up to you to
# understand if you can relax this to everysec that will fsync every second
# or to no that will let the operating system flush the output buffer when
# it want, for better performances (but if you can live with the idea of
# some data loss consider the default persistence mode that's snapshotting).
appendfsync always
# appendfsync everysec
# appendfsync no
############################### advanced config ###############################
# glue small output buffers together in order to send small replies in a
# single tcp packet. uses a bit more cpu but most of the times it is a win
# in terms of number of queries per second. use 'yes' if unsure.
glueoutputbuf yes
# use object sharing. can save a lot of memory if you have many common
# string in your dataset, but performs lookups against the shared objects
# pool so it uses more cpu and can be a bit slower. usually it's a good
# idea.
#
# when object sharing is enabled (shareobjects yes) you can use
# shareobjectspoolsize to control the size of the pool used in order to try
# object sharing. a bigger pool size will lead to better sharing capabilities.
# in general you want this value to be at least the double of the number of
# very common strings you have in your dataset.
#
# warning: object sharing is experimental, don't enable this feature
# in production before of redis 1.0-stable. still please try this feature in
# your development environment so that we can test it better.
# shareobjects no
# shareobjectspoolsize 1024
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