一、基本情况 os：rhel 3 cpu：4个intel(r) xeon(tm) mp cpu 2.70ghz mem：8g swap：16g disk：120g or
一、基本情况
os：rhel 3
cpu：4个intel(r) xeon(tm) mp cpu 2.70ghz
mem：8g
swap：16g
disk：120g
oracle database 10g enterprise edition release 10.1.0.3.0
二、备份方式 数据库以archive模式运行，rman多级增量备份。策略如下：
设置控制文件自动备份。
每三个月做一个数据库的全备份（包括所有得数据库和只读表空间）,并备份归档日志。
每一个月做一次零级备份（不包含只读表空间），并备份归档日志。
每周做一次一级备份，并备份归档日志。
每天做一次二级备份，并备份归档日志。
三、 恢复案例 所有恢复的前提：已经做过数据库全备份（包括归档日志），控制文件和spfile自动备份。
1． 损坏一个数据文件 （1）故障模拟
删除数据文件：rm /u02/oradata/dbnms/users01.dbf
关闭数据库：shutdown immediate;
ora-01116: error in opening database file 4
ora-01110: data file 4: '/u02/oradata/dbnms/users01.dbf'
ora-27041: unable to open file
linux error: 2: no such file or directory
additional information: 3
强行关闭：sutdown abort;
启动数据库：startup;
ora-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 4 - see dbwr trace file
ora-01110: data file 4: '/u02/oradata/dbnms/users01.dbf'
（2）恢复步骤
rman target sys@dbnms catalog rmanuser@cata
run{
allocate channel c1 type disk;
restore datafile 4;
recover datafile 4;
sql 'alter database datafile 4 online';
sql 'alter database open';
release channel c1;
}
sqlplus sys as sysdba
select instance_name,status from v$instance;
instance_name status
---------------- ------------
dbnms open
恢复成功
如果：数据空间没有备份，，又要强行启动数据库
sql> shutdown immediate;
sql>startup mount;
sql>alter database datafile '/oradata/test.dbf'' offline drop;
sql>alter database open;
2． 损坏全部数据文件 （1）故障模拟
删除数据文件：rm /u02/oradata/dbnms/*.dbf
强行关闭：sutdown abort;
启动数据库：startup;
ora-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 1 - see dbwr trace file
ora-01110: data file 1: '/u02/oradata/dbnms/system01.dbf'
（2）恢复步骤
rman target sys@dbnms catalog rmanuser@cata
run{
allocate channel c1 type disk;
restore database;
recover database;
sql 'alter database open';
release channel c1;
}
sqlplus sys as sysdba
select instance_name,status from v$instance;
instance_name status
---------------- ------------
dbnms open
恢复临时文件：
alter database tempfile '/u02/oradata/dbnms/temp01.dbf' drop;
alter tablespace temp add tempfile '/u02/oradata/dbnms/temp01.dbf' size 50m autoextend on next 5m maxsize unlimited;
恢复成功
3． 损坏非当前联机日志成员 （1）故障模拟
删除日志文件：rm /u02/oradata/dbnms/redo01.log
关闭数据库：shutdown immediate;
启动数据库：startup;
select * from v$logfile;--可以考虑从v$log视图中去查找
group# status type member is_
---------- ------- ------- ------------------------------ ---
3 online /u02/oradata/dbnms/redo03.log no
2 stale online /u02/oradata/dbnms/redo02.log no
1 invalid online /u02/oradata/dbnms/redo01.log no
1 stale online /u02/oradata/dbnms/redo11.log no
1 stale online /u02/oradata/dbnms/redo21.log no
2 stale online /u02/oradata/dbnms/redo12.log no
3 online /u02/oradata/dbnms/redo13.log no
2 stale online /u02/oradata/dbnms/redo22.log no
3 online /u02/oradata/dbnms/redo23.log no
4 online /u02/oradata/dbnms/redo31.log no
4 online /u02/oradata/dbnms/redo32.log no
group# status type member is_
---------- ------- ------- ------------------------------ ---
4 online /u02/oradata/dbnms/redo33.log no
（2）恢复步骤
alter database drop logfile member '/u02/oradata/dbnms/redo01.log';
alter database add logfile member '/u02/oradata/dbnms/redo01.log' to group 1;
恢复成功