光照试验标准及太阳辐射试验标准-method 306 solar radiation
method 306 solar radiation
光照试验
附下载：gjb150.7-86标太阳辐射试验标准
1.scope简介
1.1purpose目的
this test is conducted to determine the effects of solar radiation on equipment that may be exposed to sunshine during operation or unsheltered storage.
这个测试项目用来确定设备在日光下持续运行或存储情况下，光照对其性能的影响。
1.2application适用
this method is used when the test item is likely to be exposed to solar radiation in the open, in hot climate during its life cycle.
适用于需要曝露在阳光下或热气候中持续运行的部件。
1.3limitation局限性
this method is not to be used to simulate the heating effects that result from enclosed or covered storage conditions.
这个项目不能用来模拟密封或包装后存储所引起的热影响
2.guidance导则
2.1environmental effects环境影响
2.1.1heating effects热影响
the heating effects of solar radiation differ from those of high air temperature alone in that the amount of heat absorbed or reflected depends on the roughness and color of the surface on which the radiation is incident. in addition to the differential expansion between dissimilar materials, changes in the intensity of solar radiation may cause components to expａnd or contract at different rates, which can lead to severe stresses and loss of structural integrity. some examples of heating effects include:
由于吸收热的能力取决于易于受光照影响物体的表面硬度和颜色，所以太阳辐射的热效应和周围空气带来的热效应并不是相同的。热传递存在于不同热的物体之间，阳光密度的变化容易引起高度的压力和结构完整性丢失，举例如下;
a.jamming or loosening of moving parts.移动部件的收缩或松弛
b.weakening of solder joints and glued parts.焊接或胶粘强度破坏
c.change in strength and elasticity.强度与弹性破坏
d.loss of calibration or malfunction of linkage devices.校准件准确度或连接件破坏
e.loss of seal integrity.密封破坏
f.fading of colors of color-coded components.褪色
g.deform the parts.部件变形
2.1.2actinic effects光化学影响
in addition to the heating effects of2.1.1,which are caused by the infrared portion of the solar spectrum, certain degradation from solar energy may be attributable to other portions of the spectrum, particularly the ultraviolet. since the rate at which these reactions will occur generally increases as the temperature rises, the full spectrum must be used to adequay simulate the actinic effects of solar radiation.some examples of deterioration caused by actinic effects are:
除了2,1,1中所表述的由于阳光红外部分所引起的热效应，其他部分特别是紫外线不可见光同样能够引起相同的热效应带来的失效降级。由于随着温度上升，反应的程度一般也随之上升，所以整个光谱可能足够模拟阳光的辐射。以下十以下由于光化性引起的反应。
a.fading of paints.油漆褪色
b.deterioration of natural and synthetic elastomers and polymers through photochemical reactions initiated by shorter wavelength radiation.
短波辐射引起的天然或人工橡胶或合成体的光化学反应
2.2sequence顺序
the solar radiation test may be applied at any stage in the test program.
光照测试可在测试程序的任何阶段进行
2.3choice of test procedure测试过程选择
2.3.1heat effects - procedure i热影响-过程1
this procedure is primarily used to determine realistic response temperature cycles when the material is expected to withstａnd the heat of exposure in the open in hot climates and still be able to perform without degradation both during and after exposure. the solar radiation test should be used when the material could be affected by differential heating or when the heating caused by solar radiation is unknown. after the induced temperatures have been determined, the high temperature test could (for economic reasons and if actinic effects are not important) be substituted for this solar radiation procedure. cycling test will be performed for heat effects.
这个过程主要用来测量当材料暴露在期望的热环境中，在所能忍受的变化范围内，在暴露中和暴露后的实际的温度变化曲线。当不同的热源或者阳光会影响材料，那么应该开展光照辐射测试。在确定测试环境温度之后，zui高温度测试（由于经济上的顾虑）应被替换。周期测试会引起热反应。
2.3.2actinic effects - procedure ii光化学影响-过程2
this procedure is used when the principal concern is the possible that long periods of exposure to sunshine will result in detrimental actinic effects. because actinic effects do not usually occur unless the exposure is prolonged, it is inefficient to use the cycling test of procedure i, which could conceivably take months to conduct. the approach, therefore, is to use an accelerated test that