oracle rman备份深入解析--联机备份，开始执行实际的数据库备份操作，此时会发生一次日志切换（alter system archivelog current
rman> backup database plus archivelog;
此命令将触发以下操作：
1、首先，进程使用alter system archivelog current命令完成了日志切换操作。
2、进程将现存所有归档重做日志备份
3、开始执行实际的数据库备份操作，此时会发生一次日志切换（alter system archivelog current），同时rman备份剩余的归档重做日志（使用backup archivelog all命令）。
4、执行控制文件和服务器参数文件的自动备份操作。
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案例：
1、查看备份前的日志信息
17:13:50 sys@ prod>select group#,sequence#,thread#,status from v$log;
    group#  sequence#    thread# status
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------------
        1        16          1 current
        2        14          1 inactive
        3        15          1 inactive
elapsed: 00:00:00.05
2、执行备份
rman> backup database plus archivelog;
starting backup at 03-jul-14
current log archived
using channel ora_disk_1
channel ora_disk_1: starting archived log backup set
channel ora_disk_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=13 recid=41 stamp=851966028
input archived log thread=1 sequence=14 recid=42 stamp=851966028
input archived log thread=1 sequence=15 recid=43 stamp=851966030
input archived log thread=1 sequence=16 recid=44 stamp=851966141
channel ora_disk_1: starting piece 1 at 03-jul-14
channel ora_disk_1: finished piece 1 at 03-jul-14
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0kpcfu5t_1_1 tag=tag20140703t171541 comment=none
channel ora_disk_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:04
finished backup at 03-jul-14
starting backup at 03-jul-14
using channel ora_disk_1
channel ora_disk_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ora_disk_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00008 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/perftbs01.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/users01.dbf
input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/example01.dbf
input datafile file number=00007 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/undotbs2.dbf
input datafile file number=00006 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/tbs1.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/undotbs1.dbf
channel ora_disk_1: starting piece 1 at 03-jul-14
channel ora_disk_1: finished piece 1 at 03-jul-14
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0lpcfu61_1_1 tag=tag20140703t171545 comment=none
channel ora_disk_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:26
finished backup at 03-jul-14
starting backup at 03-jul-14
current log archived
using channel ora_disk_1
channel ora_disk_1: starting archived log backup set
channel ora_disk_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=17 recid=45 stamp=851966231
channel ora_disk_1: starting piece 1 at 03-jul-14
channel ora_disk_1: finished piece 1 at 03-jul-14
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0mpcfu8o_1_1 tag=tag20140703t171712 comment=none
channel ora_disk_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
finished backup at 03-jul-14
starting control file and spfile autobackup at 03-jul-14
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/c-239333010-20140703-00 comment=none
finished control file and spfile autobackup at 03-jul-14
3、查看告警日志
[oracle@rh6 ~]$ tail -f /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/prod/prod/trace/alert_prod.log
  current log# 1 seq# 16 mem# 1: /dsk2/oradata/prod/redo01b.log
thu jul 03 17:13:50 2014
archived log entry 43 added for thread 1 sequence 15 id 0xfaf1e60 dest 2:
thu jul 03 17:15:41 2014
alter system archive log
thu jul 03 17:15:41 2014
thread 1 advanced to log sequence 17 (lgwr switch)
  current log# 2 seq# 17 mem# 0: /dsk1/oradata/prod/redo02a.log
  current log# 2 seq# 17 mem# 1: /dsk2/oradata/prod/redo02b.log
archived log entry 44 added for thread 1 sequence 16 id 0xfaf1e60 dest 2:
thu jul 03 17:17:11 2014
alter system archive log
thu jul 03 17:17:11 2014
thread 1 advanced to log sequence 18 (lgwr switch)
  current log# 3 seq# 18 mem# 0: /dsk1/oradata/prod/redo03a.log
  current log# 3 seq# 18 mem# 1: /dsk2/oradata/prod/redo03b.log
archived log entry 45 added for thread 1 sequence 17 id 0xfaf1e60 dest 2:
4、备份后的日志切换信息
17:13:56 sys@ prod>select group#,sequence#,thread#,status from v$log;
    group#  sequence#    thread# status
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------------
        1        16          1 inactive
        2        17          1 active
        3        18          1 current
elapsed: 00:00:00.01
5、查看备份信息
rman> list backup of database;
list of backup sets
===================
bs key  type lv size      device type elapsed time completion time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
17      full    1.13g      disk        00:01:21    03-jul-14     
        bp key: 17  status: available  compressed: no  tag: tag20140703t171545
        piece name: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0lpcfu61_1_1
  list of datafiles in backup set 17
  file lv type ckp scn    ckp time  name
  ---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----
  1      full 2066885    03-jul-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/system01.dbf
  2      full 2066885    03-jul-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/sysaux01.dbf
  3      full 2066885    03-jul-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/undotbs1.dbf
  4      full 2066885    03-jul-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/users01.dbf
  5      full 2066885    03-jul-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/example01.dbf
  6      full 2066885    03-jul-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/tbs1.dbf
  7      full 2066885    03-jul-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/undotbs2.dbf
  8      full 2066885    03-jul-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/perftbs01.dbf
rman> list backup of archivelog all;
list of backup sets
===================
bs key  size      device type elapsed time completion time
------- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
16      31.11m    disk        00:00:01    03-jul-14     
        bp key: 16  status: available  compressed: no  tag: tag20140703t171541
        piece name: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0kpcfu5t_1_1
  list of archived logs in backup set 16
  thrd seq    low scn    low time  next scn  next time
  ---- ------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------
  1    13      2051289    03-jul-14 2066660    03-jul-14
  1    14      2066660    03-jul-14 2066663    03-jul-14
  1    15      2066663    03-jul-14 2066666    03-jul-14
  1    16      2066666    03-jul-14 2066878    03-jul-14
bs key  size      device type elapsed time completion time
------- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
18      104.00k    disk        00:00:00    03-jul-14     
        bp key: 18  status: available  compressed: no  tag: tag20140703t171712
        piece name: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0mpcfu8o_1_1
  list of archived logs in backup set 18
  thrd seq    low scn    low time  next scn  next time
  ---- ------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------
  1    17      2066878    03-jul-14 2066956    03-jul-14
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